Central for the EU consumer and e-commerce legislative updates and initiatives are the digital transformation and the green transition. While the directives and regulations already in place, such as Consumer Rights Directive (2011/83/EU), the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive (2005/29/EC) and the E-commerce Directive (2000/31/EC), remain important, updates and initiatives address challenges such as online platforms, digital content and digital services and environmental claims in marketing.  Additionally, the European Court of Justice’s rulings as well as guidance and decisions from national consumer authorities has further shaped the framework.

Several key initiatives and updates contribute to enhancing consumer protection in an increasingly digital age, as well as promoting sustainability. Below is an overview of central directives and regulations, as well as the updates and initiatives: